Molecular tools for tropical crops and microbial enzymes

Four connected programmes, each moving from a molecular question to something a breeder, a feed producer or a regulator can use.

Programme 01

CRISPR/Cas genome editing in rice & tomato

Targeted genome editing lets us improve traits precisely, without the long backcrossing that classical breeding demands. I work on multiplex guide design and delivery in rice and tomato, using both Cas9 and Cas12a single-transcript-unit systems.

In tomato, current targets include the fruit-ripening regulator SGR1 and the carotenoid locus CYC-B, assembled as dual-guide cassettes and validated before transformation.

Multiplex guide design and Golden Gate assembly (pDIRECT_22C, pGEL1029).
Cas12a crRNA-array self-processing for compact multiplex builds.
Editing-outcome analysis by sequencing and decomposition.

Programme 02

β-propeller phytase biotechnology

Phytases release phosphate from phytate, improving nutrient availability in animal feed and reducing phosphorus pollution. The bacterial β-propeller phytase is a striking six-bladed, calcium-dependent enzyme, and a rewarding one to engineer.

I screen local Bacillus isolates for the phyC gene, express and purify the enzyme, and probe its stability — with an eye on the harsh heat of feed pelleting.

Genomic screening and phylogenetic placement of isolates.
Heterologous expression in E. coli and Priestia hosts; Ni-NTA purification.
Dual-pH activity assays and thermostability engineering.

Programme 03

Bioinformatics & structural analysis

Good in silico work buys expensive bench time. I use maximum-likelihood phylogenetics, homology modelling and structural analysis to sharpen hypotheses before committing reagents.

This includes model selection with ModelFinder, ultrafast bootstrap support, and structural interpretation of candidate substitutions.

Maximum-likelihood phylogenetics (IQ-TREE, UFBoot2).
Homology modelling and structural interpretation.
Sequence curation and marker-based species assignment.

Programme 04

Biosafety & the governance of gene editing

Malaysia regulates living modified organisms under the Biosafety Act 2007. Modern gene editing — especially transgene-free SDN-1 outcomes — sits awkwardly against a framework built for classical transgenics.

Through institutional biosafety work I help translate between the bench and the rules, and I am interested in where the two need to meet in the middle.

Institutional biosafety review and notification.
SDN classification of editing outcomes.
Science-policy communication for gene-edited crops.